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We also tend to believe what we want to believe．A majority of people think
they are more intelligent，more fair-minded and more skilled behind the
wheel Of an automobile than the average person．Part of the reason we view
ourselves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our
advantage．As economist Thomas Schelling explains，“Everybody ranks himself
high in qualities he values：careful drivers give weight to care，skilled
drivers give weight to skill，and those who are polite give weight to
courtesy．”This way everyone ranks high on his own scale．
Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be
cautious(谨慎的)in drawing conclusions．The“evidence”of everyday life is
sometimes misleading．
Q：It can be concluded from the passage that
[A]there is some truth even in the wildest dreams
[B]one should take notice of other people’s merits
[C]there is no order or pattern in world events
[D]we should not base our conclusions on accidental evidence
答案是[D]。文章最后一段点明全文主旨：Perhaps．．．be cautious in drawing
conclusions．The“evidence”of everyday life is sometimes
misleading．(或许我们从中可学到的最重要的思维习惯是：下结论时要慎重小心。日常生活中的“证据”有时会误导我们。)，因此[D]项：我们不应将结论建立在偶然的证据基础上，是符合全文中心的。
2)阅读时，注意出现频率高的单词，这些词可能就是蕴含中心思想的关键词。这些关键词可能是同一词多次出现，也可能同一类词贯穿全文。
例：(2001年1月第3篇)
Priscilla Ouchida’s“energy-efficient”house turned out to be a
horrible dream．When she and her engineer husband married a few years
ago，they built a $100，000，three-bedroom home in California．Tightly sealed
to Prevent air leaks，the house was equipped with small
double-paned(双层玻璃的)windows and several other energy-saving
features．Problems began as soon as the couple moved in，however．Priscilla’s
eyes burned．Her throat was constantly dry．She suffered from headaches and
could hardly sleep．It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange
illness．
Experts finally traced the cause Of her illness．The level of
formaldehyde(甲醛)gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by
federal standards for chemical workers．The source Of the gas? Her new
kitchen cabinet sand wall-to-wall carpeting．
The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution，which is not
given sufficient attention partly because of the nation's drive to save
energy．The problem itself isn't new．“The indoor environment Was dirty long
before energy conservation came along，”says Moschandreas，a pollution
scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland．“Energy conservation has
tended to accentuate the situation in some cases．”
The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly
constructed homes rather than old ones．Back in the days when energy was
cheap，home builders didn’t worry much about unsea1ed cracks．Because of
such 1eaks，the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air
about once an hour．As a result，the pollutants generated in most households
seldom built up to dangerous 1evels．
Q：This passage is most probably taken from an article
entitled“ ”．
[A]Energy Conservation [B]House
Building Crisis
[C]Air Pollution indoors [D]Traps in
Building Construction
答案是[C)。浏览全文发现一些表疾病的词连续出现，如“eye burned”，“throat．．．dry”，
illness，等，而"formaldehyde(甲醛)gas in kitchen"使我们凭经验便可知其病因，再往下看第三段中“indoor
air pollution”，“indoor environment”，“po1lution
scientist”等验证了我们的猜测。因而通过贯穿各段这些与室内空气污染有关的词汇，我们可知这篇文章讨论的主要问题是"Air Pollution
Indoors"。
3)单从选项内容上判断，那些概括全文，内容全面，含义深刻，说明道理的选项一般是答案项，而选项内容片面、单一的内容应排除。
例：(95年1月第3篇)
Most people would agree that，although our age exceeds all
previous ages in knowledge，there has been to corresponding increase in
wisdom．But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define "wisdom" and
consider means of promoting it．
There are several factors that contribute to wisdom．Of there
l should put first a sense of proportion：the capacity to take account of
all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due
weight．This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the
extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds
of technicians．Suppose，for example，that you are engaged in research in
scientific medicine．The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the
whole of your mind．You have no time to consider the effect which your
discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine．You
succeed(1et us say)as modern medicine has succeeded，in enormously lowering
the infant death-rate，not only in Europe and America，but also in Asia and
Africa．This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply
in adequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world
that have the greatest populations，to take an even more dramatic
example，which is in everybody’s mind at the present time；you study the
makeup of the atom from a disinterested(无利害关系的)desire for knowledge，and by
chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means 0f destroying
the human race．
Therefore，with every increase of knowledge and skill，wisdom
becomes more necessary，for every such increase augments(增强)our capacity
for realizing our purposes，and therefore augments our capacity for evil，if
our purposes are unwise．
Q：What is the main idea of the passage?
[A]It is unwise to place the results of scientific research
in the hands of a powerful mad man．
[B]The more knowledge one has，the wiser one becomes．
[C]Any increase of knowledge could lead to disastrous results
without the guidance of wisdom．
[D]Wisdom increases in proportion to one’s age．
答案是[C]。若通读原文，可知文章最后一段是全文的中心思想。即：知识的增长还需智慧的引导，否则会造成灾难性的后果。[C]项可表达此含义。若单从选项上看。[C]项颇有哲理，而且因使用“could”，使语气避免了绝对化。而[A]、[B]、[D]三项都存在片面单一，经不起推敲的弊病。
4)主旨大意题干扰项特点：
回答这类主题性问题要注意一些干扰项，这些干扰项一般有三种情况：
①只是局部信息，或是一句没有展开论述的话，或是某一段的主要内容。
②概括范围太宽，指此选项把文章的内容过于一般化，包含的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容，或是此选项没有具体的内容。
③无关信息，即在文章中未提到或找不到语言根据的信息。
五、观点态度题
1.命题规律
1)涉及文章中心思想处易考。文章的中心思想组织脉络与作者的观点和态度是密切相关的。有时，做一道观点态度题，需要通读全文，分析作者的思想，把握文章脉络，而后才能正确地揣摩出来作者的思想和态度。
2)作者提出观点处易考。这主要会出现在议论文体中。议论文中作者思路一般是提出某观点，而后给予辩证，支持，最后得出与观点相一致的结论。因此明了作者的观点，就把握了作者的基本思想和态度，所以这样的内容处自然成为观点和态度题的考点。
3)语义转折或强对比处易考。语义转折或强对比处往往标志着作者将要提出文章中的重点内容，表明其基本思想，自然也反映了他的观点和态度，因此命题者会围绕此处出题。
4)文章中有复杂句处、或特殊句型或句式处易考。复杂句(尤其是表示条件或让步的主从复合句中)常暗含着作者的观点和态度；而且，特殊句型(如not．．．but．．．等)或特殊句式(如强调句式)及虚拟语气等也以不同于一般陈述句的方式，提示读者注意，预示所说内容的重要，自然该内容一般是与作者观点态度有着密切关系。
2．应试技巧
1)阅读时，要辨别清楚文章的文体。议论文中，文章的中心句处一般暗示作者的态度；而说明文，因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。在描叙性文章中，因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，要求考生在读这种文体时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词式短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句。
2)对于综合性判断情感态度的题，需要分析段落大意，分析文章走向，理解文章中心思想后才能判断出作者的情感态度来。
3)要会区分不同的观点尤其要找出作者的观点。考生要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接语，出现的观点(一般是说话人而非作者的观点)。作者的观点一般用in
my view，in my opinion personally，I think，I hold等表现。
4)对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。选项中表示褒义的词，般有：positive赞成的，supporting支持的，praising赞扬
optimistic乐观的，admiring羡慕的；interesting有趣的，humorous幽默的，serious
严肃的，enthusiastic热情的，pleasant愉快的，polite礼貌的；concerned关切的；sober
冷静的，等。表示中性的词一般有：indifferent冷淡的，不关心的；impassive冷淡的，不动感情的，uninterested无兴趣的，不感兴趣的；ambivalent情绪矛盾的；neutral中立的；impersonal
不带个人感情的；subjective主观的；objective客观的；in formative提供信息的；impartial
不偏袒的；apathetic漠不关心的；表示贬义的词有：disgusted感到恶心的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的，
反对的；suspicious怀疑的；t01erant容忍的，忍让的；worried担忧的；pessimistic悲观的；depressed沮丧的；disappointed失望的；ironic讽刺的；sarcastic挖苦的；bitter痛苦的；cynical玩世不恭的；sentimental感伤的；emotional激动的；angry气愤的，等。另外，对于文体的鉴别词还有：formal正式的；informal非正式的；casual随便的，等等。
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