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答案是[C]。在时间不充裕情况下，我们粗略对照原文，发现对“穿制服”的讨论与individuality有关。四个选项中，[B和[C)涉及这一内容，而[刨项中由于使用“little”和“no”使语气过于绝对，[C]项则使用语气较为缓和的“tend
to”，因此可确定[C]为正确答案。但是切记，若时间来得及，一定要返回原文有关部分验证答案，原文大意是：反对穿制服者的基本观点是制服缺少多样化，因此会使穿制服的人也失去个性。
7)(尤其在议论文体中)那些符合一般常识的选项，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般性规律，属于普通现象的选项往往是答案项。
例1(’99年6月第4篇)
In the ancient world，as is today，most boys played with some
kinds of toys and most girls with another．In societies where roles are
rigidly determined，boys pattern their play after the activities of their
fathers and girls after the tasks Of their mothers．
Q：The reason why the toys most boys play with are different
from those that girls play with is that
[A]their social roles are rigidly determined
[B]most boys would like to follow their fathers professions
[C]boys like to play with their fathers while girls with
their mothers
[D]they like challenging activities
答案是[A)。四个选项中，[A)项与其他几项相比符合人们对男女角色的普遍认识，而其他三项都有偏颇之处。
再返回原文，就在题干所涉及的句子之后，出现了[A)项关键词“social roles，rigidly determined”等，再次验证[A)项，
因而选[A)。
8)细节题干扰项特点：(1)与原句内容相反；(2)与原文内容一半相同一半不同；(3)与原句内容相似但过于绝对化；(4)原文中根本没提到。正确掌握这些干扰项的特点，有助于考生帮助自己排除干扰项，做出正确的选择。
二、判断词汇和短语的意义题
1．命题规律
1)含有指示代词的句中，常有被考查词汇或短语。
2)具体环境中，具有指代上下文语义功能的词汇尤其是名词，常成为考查对象。
3)一词多义的常见词及词组易考
有些词一词多义，要求考生能通过阅读，理解该词的确切含义。平时积累生词时，一定要把其在大纲规定范围内的所有词义都掌握才会胸有成竹。
4)对比处常考这类题目旨在考查考生能否从具有对比含义的上下文中猜测出某个单词的含义来。
5)复杂句常考
复杂句由于其句子结构复杂，句子之间的指代关系复杂等特点，常可成为考查考生理解能力的一种手段。
2．应试技巧
1)看所考词汇与全篇文章主题的关系。关系相近，符合主题的一般是答案，否则不是。
例：(’95年6月第2篇)
Can we pay too much attention to details?
Absolutely．Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost Of
something larger they work toward．“To keep from losing the forest for the
trees”，says Charles Garfield，associate professor at the University of
California，San Francisco，“We must constantly ask ourselves how the details
we’re working On fit into the larger picture．If they don’t，we should drop
them and move to something else”．
Q：The word“perfectionists”(Line 1，Para.3，)refers to those who
[A]demand others to get everything absolutely right
[B]know how to adjust their goals according to the
circumstances
[C]pay too much attention to details only to lose their major
objectives
[D]are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they
do
答案是[C]。perfectionist本义是“完美主义者”，似乎与[A)和[D]更接近，但本文主旨，甚至通过本段也可知，作者反对对细节过分注意，结果反倒牺牲了大局。而perfectionist正是作者批评的那类人，因而选项应是符合作者批判态度的，因此[C)是正确的。
2)通过连接词关系如and，or等判断被考词汇含义。一般来说，and与连接的两项内容在义上是接近的或递进的，而以叮连接的两项内容在含义上往往相反，但有时or后面的内容，也是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明。当然其他表递进、转折、因果等关系的信号词均可用来帮助判断词义。
例1('96年1月第2篇)
While both groups did better than chance would predict，nearly
half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more
times．Two people got a11 four samples wrong．Overall，half the participants
did about as well On the last round Of tasting as On the first，so
fatigue，or taste burn out，was not a factor．
Q：The word“burnout”(Line 3，Para.4)here refers to the state Of
[A]being seriously burnt in the skin
[B]being unable to bum for lack of fuel
[C]being badly damaged by fire
[D]being unable to function because of excessive use
答案是[D)。“fatigue，Or taste burn out”，or taste burn
out是对fatigue一词的进一步解释和说明，前者意为“疲乏的”，那么后者含义应与之相近，又因此词在关于品尝的活动中使用，因此选[D]合情合理。
3)选项含义与被考单词在含义上肤浅相近的一般不是答案。
例：('99年6月第2篇)
Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race?
First，Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of
an interest in local affairs. Know ledge of world geography，for
example，has never been strong in this country．
Q：The word“provincial”Line2，Para.3) most probably means
[A]1imited in outlook [B]1ike people from the provinces
[C]rigid in thinking [D)interested in world financial affairs
答案是[A)。结合技巧2可知，provincial与take more of an interest in local
affairs相近。local
affairs指当地(本地)事务，再者provincial似乎与province“省，地方”有关，因此许多考生选了[B)项，因为字面上两者很相像。其实结合上下文，这里provincial是指美国人仅对自己或局部事情感兴趣，因而[A)是正确的。
4)利用被考词的修饰、限定成份判断其含义。这种修饰、限定成份的表现形式多样，可以是定语、其他修饰语、特殊标点符号(如冒号、破折号、引号)后面的内容、甚至该词下属的例子及定义，可以通过这些表达从侧面理解被考单词含义。
例(’97年1月第4篇)
In earlier grades，the use Of so-called token economies，in
which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based
points toward valued rewards，shows promise in raising effort and
creativity，the Delaware psychologist claims．
Q：The phrase“token economies”probably refers to
[A]ways to develop economy [B]systems of rewarding students
[C]approaches to a solving problems
[D]methods of improving performance
答案是[B)。判断token
economies的含义，就需要理解其后定语从句的含义：学生们通过解决问题取得优异成绩而获得具有价值的奖赏，这样做对于激励学生学习热情，刺激创造力是有极大作用的，因而[B)项符合题意。
5)定冠词the+被考词汇，前句有解。
例：(2000年6月第1篇)
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the
matches in detail．Surprisingly， he found that errors were more likely when
the referees were close to the incident．When the official got it
right，they were，on average，17 meters away from the action．
Q：The word“officials”(Line4，Para.4) most probably refers to
[A]the researchers involved in the experiment
[B]the inspectors Of the football tournament
[C]the referees of the football tournament
[D]the observers at the site of the experiment |
